JAMES WILLIAM JEANDELL v. STATE OF MARYLAND (Jeandell I)
COURT OF SPECIAL APPEALS OF MARYLAND
165 Md. App. 26; 884 A.2d 739
October 6, 2005, Filed
SUBSEQUENT HISTORY: Writ of certiorari granted Jeandell v. State, 390 Md. 500, 889 A.2d 418, 2006 Md. LEXIS 20 (2006) Reversed by, Remanded by Jeandell v. State, 2006 Md. LEXIS 755 (Md., Nov. 15, 2006) PRIOR HISTORY: Appeal from the Circuit Court for Montgomery County. Eric M. Johnson, JUDGE. OPINION BY: Meredith [**740] [*28] James William Jeandell was convicted of rape in 1977. Upon his release from imprisonment, after serving twenty-six years of a forty year sentence, Jeandell was required to register with the State of Maryland’s Sex Offender Registry pursuant to Md. Code (1957, 2001 Repl. Vol., 2004 Cum. Supp.), Criminal Procedure Art. (“C.P.”), § 11-704. The registration statute further provided, in C.P. § 11-705(d), that Jeandell was required to send written notice to the Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services (the “Department”) within seven days of any change in his residence. In May of 2003, Jeandell became homeless. Jeandell failed to notify the Department in writing that he was no longer living at his registered address, and failed to otherwise inform the Department of his whereabouts. Consequently, Jeandell was charged and found guilty of violating C.P. § 11-721. A [*29] time-served sentence was imposed by the Circuit Court for Montgomery County. Jeandell appeals his conviction, arguing that, as a homeless person, because [***2] he did not have a new permanent residence to register with the Department, he was unable to comply with the statutory requirements. We conclude that the statute was properly applied, and that there was sufficient evidence for the trial court to find that Jeandell was in violation of the registration requirements. Accordingly, we shall affirm the judgment of the Circuit Court for Montgomery County. QUESTIONS PRESENTED Jeandell raises the following questions on this appeal:
- Whether the Maryland sex offender registration statute is unconstitutionally vague as applied to homeless persons. II. Whether there was sufficient evidence to sustain Jeandell’s conviction for failure to register a change of residence where Jeandell, as a homeless person, did not have a residence to register.
[**741] BACKGROUND Jeandell was convicted of rape in 1977, in the Circuit Court for Kent County, and was sentenced to a term of forty years. In October 2002, Jeandell was mandatorily released after having served twenty-six years. Upon his release, and pursuant to C.P. § 11-704(a), Jeandell registered as a sexually violent offender with the Maryland Division of Parole and Probation. [***3] 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Footnotes – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 Jeandell’s registration was pursuant to the Maryland Registration of Offenders statute, which requires certain convicted defendants to register with their supervising authority as sex offenders. See C.P. § 11-701 et seq. See also Cain v State, 386 Md. 320, 329-31, 872 A.2d 681 (2005)(Maryland statute requiring registration of sex offenders was enacted in response to federal statute known as the “Wetterling Act,” often referred to as “Megan’s Law”); …
Jeandell completed his registration with the Montgomery County Police Department (MCPD) on October 8, 2002. Thereafter, [***5] Jeandell changed residences four times. Upon each change, Jeandell notified the Department by filling out a change of address card with the MCPD. Jeandell’s last change [*31] of address notice was completed on April 2, 2003, when Jeandell notified the Department that he was living at 9704 Hastings Drive, Silver Spring, Maryland. After Jeandell gave the Department notice that he had changed his residence to 9704 Hastings Drive, the MCPD distributed flyers informing Jeandell’s neighbors on Hastings Drive of his past conviction. Two of the neighbors then complained to Jeandell’s landlady about Jeandell’s presence in the building, and Jeandell’s landlady asked Jeandell to vacate the premises. On May 15, 2003, Jeandell showed up for his weekly meeting with his parole agent, John Haffer. In response to questioning by Agent Haffer, Jeandell disclosed that he needed to find a new place [**742] to live. Agent Haffer did not offer Jeandell any assistance in locating a new residence. Haffer simply told Jeandell to report back to him on May 22, 2003. Jeandell reported, as directed, on May 22, 2003, and spoke with another field agent. Jeandell still did not have a new residence to report. He was told to report [***6] back in another week on May 29, 2003. On or about May 23, 2003, Jeandell vacated 9704 Hastings Drive. He failed to make any further contact with the field agents. As a result, on June 3, 2003, Agent Haffer advised Detective Don Edmund, of the MCPD, that Jeandell had “absconded from supervision and was no longer living at his reported address.” Detective Edmund, who is in charge of maintaining the Montgomery County Sex Offender Registry, obtained an arrest warrant for Jeandell on June 20, 2003. The arrest warrant charged Jeandell with violating C.P. § 11-721 because Jeandell had failed to provide the Department with written notice of his change in residence as required by C.P. § 11-705(d). A bench trial was held in the Circuit Court for Montgomery County, and Jeandell was found guilty of violating C.P. § 11-721. Because he had already been incarcerated for 85 days while awaiting his trial, the court imposed a time-served sentence. Jeandell filed this timely appeal. [*32] DISCUSSION I. The Maryland Registration of Offenders statute requires, in C.P. § 11-705(d), that “[a] registrant who changes residences shall send written notice of the change to the Department [of Public [***7] Safety and Corrections] within 7 days after the change occurs.” The penalty for failing to notify the Department of any change in residence is set forth in C.P. § 11-721, which states:
(a) Prohibited act. — A registrant may not knowingly fail to register or knowingly fail to provide the written notice required under § 11-705(d), (e), or (f) of this subtitle, or knowingly provide false information of a material fact as required by this subtitle. (b) Penalty. — A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or a fine not exceeding $ 5,000 or both. …
Jeandell argues that the charges filed against him should have been dismissed because, he contends, C.P. § 11-705(d) is unconstitutionally vague when applied to homeless registered sex offenders. Jeandell contends that his homeless status rendered him unable to comply with the statute’s requirements because he did not have either a residence or a mailing address to register. Jeandell further asserts that the Maryland Registration of Offenders statute fails to define the term “residence,” and fails to provide clear guidance [***8] to homeless offenders on how to satisfy the statute’s requirements. Jeandell urges us to find the statute void for vagueness. 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Footnotes – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2 The State argues that Jeandell does not have standing to assert that C.P. § 11-705(d) and § 11-721 are void for vagueness when applied to homeless persons, because the State contends that the record lacks any evidence that Jeandell was in fact homeless. We disagree. The record indicates that when defense counsel announced her intent to call Jeandell to testify regarding his homeless status, the trial court stated that, based upon comments of counsel and the prosecution witnesses, the court was finding as a fact that Jeandell was homeless. There is no indication in the record that the State objected to the court handling the issue in this manner. Accordingly, the trial court properly assumed that Jeandell was homeless, and so shall we. – – – – – – – – – – – – End Footnotes- – – – – – – – – – – – – – [*33] In Williams v. State, 329 Md. 1, 616 A.2d 1275 (1992), the Court of Appeals [**743] discussed the void-for-vagueness doctrine, and noted [***9] that it “requires that a penal statute ‘be sufficiently explicit to inform those who are subject to it what conduct on their part will render them liable to its penalties.'” Id. at 8…. Quoting from Williams, supra,… the Court further elaborated upon the doctrine in Galloway v. State, 365 Md. 599, 615-16, 781 A.2d 851 (2001):
A well grounded principle in federal constitutional law is that, when considering the void-for-vagueness doctrine, courts consistently consider two criteria or rationales. See, e.g., Williams, 329 Md. at 8, 616 A.2d at 1278;... The first rationale is the fair notice principle that “persons of ordinary intelligence and experience be afforded a reasonable opportunity to know what is prohibited, so that they may govern their behavior accordingly.” Williams, 329 Md. at 8, 616 A.2d at 1278 [***10]… The standard for determining whether a statute provides fair notice is “whether persons ‘of common intelligence must necessarily guess at [the statute’s] meaning.'” Williams, 329 Md. at 8, 616 A.2d at 1278 …. A statute is not vague under the fair notice principle if the meaning “of the words in controversy can be fairly ascertained by reference to judicial determinations, the common law, dictionaries, treatises or even the words themselves, if they possess a common and generally accepted meaning.” Bowers, 283 [*34] Md. at 125, 389 A.2d at 348 (emphasis added) (citations omitted); see Eanes, 318 Md. at 460,… The second criterion of the vagueness doctrine regards enforcement of the statute. This rationale exists “to ensure that criminal statutes provide ‘legally fixed standards and adequate guidelines [***11] for police, judicial officers, triers of fact and others whose obligation it is to enforce, apply and administer the penal laws.'” Williams, 329 Md. at 8 9, 616 A.2d at 1278…. To survive analysis, a statute must “eschew arbitrary enforcement in addition to being intelligible to the reasonable person.” Williams, 329 Md. at 9, 616 A.2d at 1279. In Bowers, we determined that, as to this standard, a statute is not unconstitutionally vague merely because it allows for the exercise of some discretion on the part of law enforcement and judicial officials. It is only where a statute is so broad as to be susceptible to irrational and selective patterns of enforcement that it will be held unconstitutional under this second arm of the vagueness principle. 283 Md. at 122, 389 A.2d at 346; see Eanes, 318 Md. at 464, 569 A.2d at 617….. [***12] A. The Fair Notice Principle Turning to the facts of the instant case, we conclude that neither C.P. § 11-705(d) nor C.P. § 11-721 is unconstitutionally vague. Applying the first criterion of the doctrine, the fair-notice principle, we [**744] conclude that “persons of ordinary intelligence and experience [are] afforded a reasonable opportunity to know what is prohibited” by § 11-705(d) and § 11-721. Williams, supra, 329 Md. at 8. Specifically, § 11-705(d) requires all registrants who change residences to send written notice of the change to the Department [*35] within 7 days after the change occurs. Jeandell argues this statute is unconstitutionally vague because the term “residence” is not defined anywhere in the statutory scheme. Jeandell contends that a homeless person is someone who does not have a “residence,” and therefore, cannot report a change in residence. We disagree. As stated in Galloway, supra, 365 Md. at 615, “A statute is not vague under the fair notice principle if the meaning of the words in controversy can be fairly ascertained by reference to judicial determinations, the common law, dictionaries, or even the words themselves, [***13] if they possess a common and generally accepted meaning.” In the absence of a statutory definition, we endeavor to construe the words used in a statute according to their common meanings, and seek to give the statute a reasonable interpretation in the context of the overall statutory scheme. Johnson v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore City, 387 Md. 1, 11-12, 874 A.2d 439 (2005). The term “residence” not only has a common and generally accepted meaning, it is also defined consistently in dictionaries. BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY 1335 (8th ed. 2004), for example, defines the term as follows:
- The act or fact of living in a given place for some time. …
THE MERRIAM-WEBSTER DICTIONARY 618 (New ed. 2004) defines residence as:
1: the act or fact of residing in a place as a dweller or in discharge of a duty or an obligation[;] 2: the place where one actually lives[;] .. [***14] …. Even a homeless person lives someplace. In other words, even though a homeless person may not have a structural residence that the person permanently occupies, that person can still comply with § 11-705(d) by sending the Department written notice that the registrant no longer lives at the last noted residence of record, and by keeping the Department informed of the registrant’s whereabouts each time that those whereabouts have changed. Cf. Young v State, 370 Md. 686, 713, 806 A.2d 233 (2002)(“The focus of [the registration requirement] is not on circumscribing the movement of offenders, but on keeping law enforcement and school officials informed of their location.”) (emphasis added). The goal [***15] of the statute is to keep the Department apprised of the registrant’s whereabouts. This goal is fostered by requiring the registrant to report any change in the place the registrant actually lives. Although it may, in some instances, be more [**745] complicated for a homeless person to describe the place or places that individual has been living, it is not impossible for such persons to comply with the requirement that the Department be notified of any change. The record indicates that Jeandell had previously complied with the requirements of § 11-705(d). After Jeandell filed his initial registration with the MCPD, he subsequently filed four notices of change of address. Moreover, two of these notices indicated that his residence was a men’s shelter, which might not generally be considered to be a permanent dwelling place, but would still qualify as a place of residence under the statute. Jeandell’s history of compliance supports the trial judge’s conclusion that Jeandell knew of the statute’s requirement that he keep the Department informed of any change in his whereabouts…. We further conclude that C.P. § 11-721 provides fair notice of what behavior is prohibited. Section 11-721(a) clearly states that any registrant who knowingly fails to register, or to provide the written notice required under § 11-705(d), (e), or (f), or who knowingly provides false information of a material fact, is guilty of a misdemeanor. Section (b) further provides that the violator is subject to up to three years imprisonment or a fine not exceeding $ 5,000. Accordingly, we conclude that C.P. § 11-705(d) and § 11-721, when read together, provide reasonable notice of their requirements. B. The Enforcement Principle Turning to the second criterion of the void-for-vagueness doctrine, the statute is required to “eschew arbitrary enforcement” and to provide “legally fixed standards and guidelines” for those whose obligation it is to enforce the statute. As the Court of Appeals made clear in Galloway, supra, 365 Md. at 616, however, “it is only where a statute is so broad as to be susceptible to irrational and selective [***17] patterns of enforcement that it will be held unconstitutional under this second arm of the vagueness principle.”… Jeandell cites two cases from other jurisdictions in [***18] which sex offender registration statutes were found not to apply to homeless persons. In State v. Iverson, 664 N.W.2d 346, 353 (Minn. 2003), the Minnesota Supreme Court held that, because the state’s sex offender registration statute did [**746] not provide guidance on how homeless offenders could comply with its requirements, the statute did not apply to certain homeless offenders. The court pointed out that the statute required registrants to provide the address of their new residence at least five days in advance, before the registrant started living there. The court also noted that each registrant would be mailed an address verification form every year that required registrants to report an address where mail can be received. The court concluded that homeless offenders who did not know where they would be living at least five days in advance, and who could not provide an address where mail could be received, could not comply with the statute. Consequently, the court declared the statute inapplicable to these offenders. In State v. Bassett, 97 Wn. App. 737, 740, 987 P.2d 119, 120 (1999), the Court of Appeals of Washington held that the Washington sex offender [***19] registration statute, which required convicted sex offenders to register a change of address at least fourteen days before moving, did not apply to offenders who did not know where they would be moving fourteen days in advance. The court also held that “living on the streets” did not constitute a residence within the meaning of the statute. Jeandell urges us to adopt the reasoning of these two cases, and conclude that Maryland’s sex offender registration statute does not apply to homeless persons who cannot provide an address for their residence. We decline to do so, however, due to the differences in each state’s respective offender registration statute. … II. Jeandell’s second argument to this Court is that the evidence was insufficient to sustain his conviction for a knowing failure to report a change in his residence, because, as a homeless person, he did not have a new residence to report. We disagree. … [*40] Agent Haffer also testified at Jeandell’s trial. Agent Haffer stated that Jeandell [**747] came to his office on May 15, 2003, and told Agent Haffer that he needed to find another place to live. Agent Haffer instructed Jeandell to report back to him on May 22, 2003, which Jeandell did. Jeandell spoke with another agent that day, who told Jeandell to report back again the following week. Jeandell, however, failed to do so. As a result, Agent Haffer testified that, on June 4, 2003, he contacted Detective Edmund, and told Edmund that he believed Jeandell had “absconded from supervision and was no longer living at his reported address.” Detective Edmund testified that he verified that Jeandell was no longer living at 9704 Hastings Drive, and had vacated that residence on May 23, 2003. After confirming with the Department that Jeandell had not filed a written change of address notification, Detective Edmund applied for an arrest warrant. The arrest warrant was issued on June 20, 2003. There was also testimony from Robert Landfare, an employee [***22] of the MCPD who works with the sex offender registry. Landfare testified that he registered Jeandell with the Maryland Sex Offender Registry upon his release from incarceration on October 8, 2002. Landfare stated that he read the registration form to Jeandell, and informed him of the registration requirements, including the paragraph that instructed Jeandell to report any change of residence to the Department within seven days. Landfare testified that Jeandell initialed each paragraph that had been read to him, and signed the form, swearing and affirming that he had been read the requirements, and that he understood that he must comply with them…. [*41] Considering the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, we conclude that the evidence was sufficient for a rational trier of fact to conclude that Jeandell knowingly failed to provide the [***23] Department with written notice of a change in his residence within seven days after the change had occurred on or about May 23, 2003. Although Jeandell argues he did not have a new residence to register, § 11-705(d) and § 11-721 required Jeandell to provide written notification to the Department that a change had occurred, regardless of whether he had settled into a new fixed place of residence. Moreover, because there was evidence that Jeandell had previously filed change of residence notices with the Department, there was sufficient evidence for the trial court to conclude that Jeandell was aware of the statutory requirements and that he knowingly failed to comply with them. We note that the original registration form filled out by Jeandell on October 8, 2002, and read to him by Robert Landfare, does not specifically inform the registrant that written notification must be provided. That part of the form states:
Report any change of residence to the Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services (Crimes Against Children & Sexual Registry Unit) P.O. Box 5743, Pikesville, MD 21282-5743) within seven (7) days. …
…Moreover, for the reasons stated previously, we are satisfied that Jeandell had actual knowledge of the requirement that he file a written change of address notice. Accordingly, we conclude that Jeandell knowingly failed to provide the written notice required under C.P. § 11-705(d), [*42] and that there was, therefore, sufficient evidence to convict him of violating C.P. § 11-721. JUDGMENT AFFIRMED.
JAMES JEANDELL v. STATE OF MARYLAND (Jeandell II)
COURT OF APPEALS OF MARYLAND
395 Md. 556; 910 A.2d 1141
November 15, 2006, Filed
| PROCEDURAL POSTURE: Defendant was convicted in the circuit court of violating Md. Code Ann., Crim. Proc. § 11-721(a) by knowingly failing to notify the State of his change in residences as required by Md. Code Ann., Crim. Proc. § 11-705(d). The Court of Special Appeals (Maryland) affirmed. Defendant appealed. |
OPINION BY: Raker [*557] [**1142] Opinion by Raker, J.
James William Jeandell, petitioner, was convicted of rape in 1977, sentenced to a lengthy term of incarceration, and released in 2002. Pursuant to Md. Code (2001, 2005 Cum. Supp.), §§ 11-701(f) and 11-704 of the Criminal Procedure Article, 1 he was required upon his release to register with his supervising authority as a sexually violent offender, and pursuant to § 11-705(d), to send written notice to the Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services within seven days of any change in residences. He was convicted in the Circuit Court for Montgomery County of violating § 11-721(a) by knowingly failing to notify the State of his change in residences as required by § 11-705(d). The Court of Special Appeals affirmed, holding that [***2] even though he was “homeless,” he knowingly failed to provide the written notice as required under § 11-705(d). Jeandell v. State, 165 Md. App. 26, 41-42, 884 A.2d 739, 748 (2005). We disagree and shall reverse. …
The outcome in this case is dictated by our recent decision in Twine v. State, Md. , A.2d , 910 A.2d 1132, 2006 Md. LEXIS 757, No. 138, , September Term, 2005 (filed Nov. 15, 2006), [***3] in which we held that the statute in its current iteration did not to apply to a person who is in fact homeless because it is not possible to comply with the statutory requirements. In Twine, we reversed a conviction under § 11-721(a) for the knowing failure to provide the written notice required by § 11-705(d). Twine, 2006 Md. LEXIS 757 slip op. at 15-16. Twine waived a jury and proceeded to trial before the court on a not guilty plea, agreed statement of facts, under which the parties stipulated that Twine was “homeless” and “was staying wherever he could.” Id. 2006 Md. LEXIS 757 at 2-4. Interpreting the sex offender statute, we held that a registrant [*558] has a “residence” within the meaning of § 11-705(d) only if the registrant “has a fixed location at which the registrant is living, and to which the registrant intends to return upon leaving it.” Id. 2006 Md. LEXIS 757 at 14. Applying [**1143] this interpretation, we then held that the evidence was insufficient to support a finding of guilt, because the evidence was insufficient to support a finding that Twine “changed residences” within the meaning of § 11-705(d). Id. 2006 Md. LEXIS 757 at 14-15. We concluded that because the record indicated that Twine was homeless and “staying wherever he [***4] could,” he had not acquired a residence within the contemplation of the statute. Id. 2006 Md. LEXIS 757 at 15.
Petitioner was tried in a bench trial in the Circuit Court for Montgomery County on the charge of knowingly failing to report a change in residences required by § 11-705(d) in violation of § 11-721(a). At the close of the State’s evidence, petitioner moved for a judgment of acquittal, and to dismiss the charges. Petitioner’s counsel argued that petitioner could not “comply with the statute as written” because he was homeless, and because the sex offender registration statute is unconstitutionally vague as applied to homeless defendants. 2
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – Footnotes – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
2 In light of our holding, we do not reach the issue of whether the statute is unconstitutionally vague as applied to homeless offenders.
– – – – – – – – – – – – End Footnotes- – – – – – – – – – – – – –
The court denied the motion for a judgment of acquittal, and the following exchange took place between the court and petitioner’s trial counsel:
… [DEFENSE COUNSEL]: Your Honor, I think for purposes of preserving the record, that in light of the statements that [the Assistant State’s Attorney] said [suggesting that Jeandell may have acquired a residence and simply not reported it], I think that I would put Mr. Jeandell–
THE COURT: Well, you can do that if you want to, but I find the facts as they have been testified to, that Mr. [*559] Jeandell notified the authorities that he didn’t have a place to go. …
[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: It is, Your Honor. But is Your Honor accepting that he did not, in fact, have a place to live? I mean, that–
THE COURT: That’s the evidence. That’s what’s before this Court. The man was homeless.
[DEFENSE [***6] COUNSEL]: Okay. Then, Your Honor, I am not putting any additional evidence on. We would rest, as well. I would renew my motion.”
The trial court found as a fact that “the man was homeless.” 3 The court stated [**1144] that “I find the facts as they have been testified to, that Mr. Jeandell notified the authorities that he didn’t have a place to go. And that what happened subsequently, a year after that notification was given, he still doesn’t have a place to go . . .” Because the Circuit Court found as a fact, and we are bound by that finding, that [*560] petitioner was “homeless” and that he “didn’t have a place to go,” he did not have a “residence” within the meaning of § 11-705(d). See Twine, 2006 Md. LEXIS 757 slip op. at 14-15.
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – Footnotes – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
3 The trial court apparently had a discussion off the record with counsel and the defendant, as evidenced by the following statement made by the court on the record after the luncheon recess:
“Well, obviously, because of the discussion that the Court had with the lawyers and with the defendant himself prior to the lunch break, this is an issue that the Court has been wrestling with because of the cumbersomeness of the statute and the reporting requirements that had to be made in this particular case.”
Because the discussion was off the record, this Court is left in the dark as to what may have been said with respect to any facts bearing on petitioner’s living condition and as to the basis for the finding of “homelessness.” If the discussion played any part in the court’s decision, the conversation should have been on the record. Moreover, if the trial court found, as it appears that it did, that Jeandell was in fact homeless and had no place to go, the court should have granted the motion for judgment of acquittal.
– – – – – – – – – – – – End Footnotes- – – – – – – – – – – – – –
[***7] The Court of Special Appeals affirmed the judgment of the Circuit Court. Jeandell v. State, 165 Md. App. at 41-42, 884 A.2d at 748. We granted Jeandell’s petition for writ of certiorari. Jeandell v. State, 390 Md. 500, 889 A.2d 418 (2006).
The Court of Special Appeals held that the evidence was sufficient to support petitioner’s conviction, reasoning that “[a]lthough Jeandell argues he did not have a new residence to register, § 11-705(d) and § 11-721 required Jeandell to provide written notification to the Department that a change had occurred, regardless of whether he had settled into a new fixed place of residence.” Jeandell, 165 Md. App. at 41, 884 A.2d at 747. This conclusion was based on the court’s interpretation of “residence” as used in § 11-705(d) as meaning “the place where one actually lives.” Id. at 35, 884 A.2d at 744. The court also concluded that because he had filed change of residence notices previously, there was sufficient evidence for the trial court to find that petitioner was aware of the statutory requirements and that he knowingly failed to comply with them. Id. at 41-42, 884 A.2d at 747-48. [***8]
We hold that the Court of Special Appeals erred in finding that the evidence was sufficient to support a conviction beyond a reasonable doubt because it applied an incorrect interpretation of “residence” as that term is used in § 11-705(d). The term “residence” connotes more than simply a “living location.” See Twine, 2006 Md. LEXIS 757 slip op. at 14. If “residence” were simply a “living location,” as the Court of Special Appeals found, a homeless registrant might have to notify the Department of a change in residences at least every seven days, if not more frequently, with the prospect that the new residence listed in each notice may be out of date and therefore inaccurate. 4 [*561] Such a result is inconsistent with the framework of the statute.
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – Footnotes – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
4 The Department is required to take certain actions each time a registrant changes residences. See § 11-710(a)(1) (requiring notification of designated federal officials); § 11-710(a)(2)(i) (requiring notification of local state law officials); § 11-710(a)(2)(ii) (requiring notification of out of state law officials); § 11-710(b) (requiring notification of campus police). The statute imposes mandatory duties upon state law enforcement officials and county school systems each time they receive notice of certain registrants’ residences. See § 11-709(b)(1) (requiring local law enforcement officials to notify county superintendents of a child sex offender’s registration); § 11-709(b)(2) (requiring county superintendents to notify local principals of a child sex offender’s registration). It would be impractical to require these actions to occur on a near daily basis. All duties related to a registrant’s residence must be accomplished within five days of notice of a change in residences. See §§ 11-709 and 11-710. If a registrant moved on a daily basis, the information disseminated by the Department would always be stale.
– – – – – – – – – – – – End Footnotes- – – – – – – – – – – – – –
[***9] It is clear that the trial court concluded that petitioner was “homeless” and “didn’t have a place to go.” Consequently, following the reasoning and holding of Twine, no rational trier of fact could conclude that [**1145] petitioner had a “residence” within the meaning of § 11-705(d). See Twine, 2006 Md. LEXIS 757 slip op. at 15. Accordingly, the evidence was insufficient to support a finding of guilt because the evidence was insufficient to support a finding that petitioner “changed residences” within the meaning of § 11-705.
JUDGMENT OF THE COURT OF SPECIAL APPEALS REVERSED. CASE REMANDED TO THAT COURT WITH INSTRUCTIONS TO REVERSE THE JUDGMENT OF THE CIRCUIT COURT FOR MONTGOMERY COUNTY. COSTS IN THIS COURT AND THE COURT OF SPECIAL APPEALS TO BE PAID BY MONTGOMERY COUNTY.